James became very unpopular because of his persecution of the Protestant clergy and was generally hated by the people. William landed in England and James fled to France where he died in exile in Gathering local support, he marched his army, now 20, strong, on to London in The Glorious Revolution.
William and Mary were to reign jointly, and William was to have the Crown for life after Mary died in James plotted to regain the throne and in landed in Ireland. She had 17 pregnancies but only one child survived — William, who died of smallpox aged just A staunch, high church Protestant, Anne was 37 years old when she succeeded to the throne. Anne was a close friend of Sarah Churchill, the Duchess of Marlborough.
The 54 year old George arrived in England able to speak only a few words of English with his 18 cooks and 2 mistresses in tow. George spent little time in England — he preferred his beloved Hanover, although he was implicated in the South Sea Bubble financial scandal of He was more English than his father, but still relied on Sir Robert Walpole to run the country. George was the last English king to lead his army into battle at Dettingen in In the Jacobites tried once again to restore a Stuart to the throne.
His reign was one of elegance and the age of some of the greatest names in English literature — Jane Austen , Byron , Shelley, Keats and Wordsworth. It was also the time of great statesmen like Pitt and Fox and great military men like Wellington and Nelson. The American Colonies proclaimed their independence on July 4th George was well meaning but suffered from a mental illness due to intermittent porphyria and eventually became blind and insane.
He had a love of art and architecture but his private life was a mess, to put it mildly! He married twice, once in to Mrs. Fitzherbert, secretly as she was a Catholic, and then in to Caroline of Brunswick.
Fitzherbert remained the love of his life. Caroline and George had one daughter, Charlotte in but she died in George was considered a great wit, but was also a buffoon and his death was hailed with relief! Before his accession he lived with a Mrs. Jordan, an actress, by whom he had ten children.
When Princess Charlotte died, he had to marry in order to secure the succession. He married Adelaide of Saxe-Coburg in He had two daughters but they did not live. He hated pomp and wanted to dispense with the Coronation. The people loved him because of his lack of pretension. During his reign Britain abolished slavery in the colonies in The Reform Act was passed in , this extended the franchise to the middle-classes on a basis of property qualifications.
The throne Victoria inherited was weak and unpopular. Her Hanoverian uncles had been treated with irreverence. In she married her cousin Albert of Saxe-Coburg. Albert exerted tremendous influence over the Queen and until his death was virtual ruler of the country. He was a pillar of respectability and left two legacies to the UK, the Christmas Tree and the Great Exhibition of The Queen withdrew from public life after the death of Albert in until her Golden Jubilee in When Victoria died in , the British Empire and British world power had reached their highest point.
She had nine children, 40 grand-children and 37 great-grandchildren, scattered all over Europe. He loved horse-racing, gambling and women! This Edwardian Age was one of elegance. Edward had all the social graces and many sporting interests, yachting and horse-racing — his horse Minoru won the Derby in Edward married the beautiful Alexandra of Denmark in and they had six children.
When Edward died in it is said that Queen Alexandra brought his current mistress Mrs. Keppel to his bedside to take her farewell. He had joined the Navy as a cadet in and loved the sea. His years on the throne were difficult; the First World War in — and the troubles in Ireland which lead to the creation of the Irish Free State were considerable problems.
In he began the royal broadcasts on Christmas Day and in he celebrated his Silver Jubilee. His latter years were overshadowed by his concern about the Prince of Wales and his infatuation with Mrs.
Consequently when he renounced the throne to marry Mrs. Wallis Simpson the country found it almost impossible to believe. The people as a whole knew nothing about Mrs. Simpson until early in December Simpson was an American, a divorcee and had two husbands still living. This was unacceptable to the Church, as Edward had stated that he wanted her to be crowned with him at the Coronation which was to take place the following May. Edward abdicated in favour of his brother and took the title, Duke of Windsor.
His claim to the throne was disputed by Empress Matilda. Stephen and Matilda? Sounds like the couple down the block…. Skip to header Skip to main content Skip to footer Analysis.
Getty Images. Here, then, is the British royal baby name book for boys, in order of popularity. There's only one other name that has been used as much… Henry Oh dear. David is the patron saint of Wales. Patrick Patron saint of Ireland. Edward VIII again. See the pattern? The lost art of being reasonable. Damon Linker. How the Founding Fathers encourage political violence. Bonnie Kristian. Why banning 'harmful' online speech is a slippery slope. Cathy Young.
Most Popular. Adorable rare leopard cub makes her debut at Santa Barbara Zoo. By Follower of Anthony van Dyck — she-philosopher. Charles I was the second son of James, and succeeded to the throne as the result of the death of his older brother, Henry, from typhoid fever at just 18 years old. In , after a series of defeats on the battlefield, Charles placed himself into the hands of the Scottish Presbyterian army.
After months of negotiations, the Scots handed him to the Parliamentary commissioners and after a failed escape attempt Charles was imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle. Charles was charged with treason but continued to argue that no-one had authority over a king, whose right to rule had been granted by God.
The court disagreed, found him guilty and sentenced him to death. On the day of his execution, Charles asked for a second shirt as the weather was cold and he did not want to shiver and have the crowd believe him afraid. His head was severed in a single, clean stroke by an executioner whose identity was kept secret. Five years later Cromwell died and his son, Richard, briefly took the title before being removed from power.
Charles returned to London in on his thirtieth birthday. The body of Oliver Cromwell was exhumed and decapitated. A popular king, Charles was known as the Merry Monarch. Charles had no children with his wife, but acknowledged no fewer than twelve illegitimate offspring with various mistresses. On his death he was succeeded by his brother, James. The second surviving son of Charles I, he was viewed with suspicion by the English nobility who were concerned that he was pro-Catholic and intended to rule without the consent of Parliament.
When James produced a Catholic heir, the nobles asked his Protestant nephew and son-in-law, William of Orange, to lead an invasion. James attempted to regain the crown, landing a force at Ireland in His army was defeated at the Battle of the Boyne and James spent the remainder of his life at the French court. Mary ruled with her husband, William III, from until her death in When her husband was in England she ceded most of her authority to him, but in his absence on military campaigns she proved herself a decisive and effective ruler.
She married William of Orange in and became pregnant soon afterwards. Sadly, the pregnancy ended in a miscarriage which it seems may have permanently damaged her ability to have children. Her childlessness was a source of great grief to the Queen. In she became ill with smallpox, dying just after Christmas. Her death left William heartbroken and she was widely mourned by her subjects. William married his fifteen-year old first cousin, Mary, in With James defeated, he and Mary ruled as joint sovereigns until her death in His reign also saw the passing of one of the most significant documents in English history, the Bill of Rights.
The Bill also set out who would inherit the throne on the death of William and Mary and barred any Roman Catholic, or anyone married to a Catholic, from becoming king or queen — a prohibition that continues to this day.
It was during her reign that the Acts of Union united England and Scotland as a single sovereign realm. The era also saw the growth of two-party politics. The Whigs were broadly aligned with commercial interests and Protestants seeking to break away from the Church of England, while the Tories — whom Anne favoured — supported the Anglican Church and the landed gentry. Anne had married George of Denmark in She suffered ill-health throughout her life, and despite becoming pregnant no less than seventeen times a series of miscarriages, stillbirths and infant deaths saw her die in without issue.
After Queen Anne died childless the throne passed to her cousin, George I. The Act of Settlement had barred Catholics from the succession and George was the nearest Protestant relative.
At 56 years old, he became the first monarch of the House of Hanover. Shortly after his coronation the Whig party won an overwhelming victory in the general election of and the party grew in dominance through his reign. George died of a stroke during a trip to his native Hanover. He was succeeded by his son, George Augustus.
The last English monarch to be born outside Britain, George was born and brought up in Germany. He gained the throne in and ruled until his death in He participated in the Battle of Dettingen, part of the War of Austrian Succession in , making him the last British monarch to lead an army in battle.
An attempt to depose him in in favour of the Catholic James Francis Edward Stuart failed, and he remained King until his death at the age of His legacy includes the donation of the royal library to the British Museum. Mary died of smallpox in and had no surviving children. William now ruled alone. William formed an alliance between England, Holland and Austria to prevent the union of the French and Spanish crowns.
William died on of pneumonia following a broken collar bone after a fall from his horse. Britroyals Home. Alfred the Great Scottish Robert the Bruce Henry VIII George III Victoria
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