However, World War I service interrupted plans, and after the War Gleizes went very much into abstract styles. After World War II Gleizes continued with illustrations and large chapel paintings until he passed in mid A famous artist and name in traditional modern art history, Paul Cezanne started off as a post-impressionist.
From there he delved into abstract views of brush strokes and light as well as using color and form to create visual differences and edges. The style was so different, Cezanne has been titled the genesis of Modernism by many artists who came right after him 50 years later. Cezanne, for his part, started far earlier than most Cubism artists, being born in and producing his first paintings in in Paris. Born at about the same time as many of his Cubist peers, Metzinger developed his early painting influences directly in Paris being exposed to Robert Delauney.
Metzinger knew from the start his career was in painting, but it was in that he first met up with Braque and Picasso. He displayed his first show and set of works in , and for the next two years regularly contributed to art literature on the details of modern art styles. In Metzinger was one of a group of four artists who produced the Salle 41 exhibit, publicly launching the display of Cubism.
He also worked on the writing of Du cubisme a year later as the theory bible of Cubism. Metzinger continued to paint after his military service in World War I and stayed in Paris until his passing in By the beginning of the s Klee was done with school and studied for a while in Italy and abroad.
Settling down again in , Klee went off the grid until he started to dabble drawings and sketches in By his work allowed Klee to be entered into exhibition and that channel Klee into exposure with Braque, Picasso and Delauney by World War I halted much of his work but by Klee was active again in Munich, writing and receiving an appointment to the Bauhaus the same year.
Klee stayed influential until the Nazis forced him to leave Germany in He spent the next seven years in his home country of Switzerland before passing in After the conflict, however, Lhote went on to continue as an art critic writer and then establishing his own art school.
He continued to paint and exhibit as well, and Lhote died in in Paris. Below them sits a pile of fruit posed for a still life. Georges Braque was a French painter, printmaker, draughtsman and sculptor who was a leading artist in both the Fauvism and Cubism movements. He was closely associated with Pablo Picasso during early Cubism and remained loyal to the movement throughout the rest of his career despite changing his style and color use.
His most famous work is characterized by bold coloration and sharp, defined angles. However, Braque incorporated elements of cubist abstraction by removing the horizon line and playing with perspective. The houses are fragmented, with inconsistent shadows and a background that blends in with the objects. Analytical Cubism in the early phase of Cubism, beginning in and ending around It is characterized by the deconstructed representations of objects with contradictory shadows and planes, which play with traditional notions of perspective.
It also featured the restricted color palette of Proto-Cubism. Violin and Candlestick depicts an abstracted violin and candlestick still life. It is composed on a grid with deconstructed elements that form a single composition, allowing the viewer to draw their interpretation of the piece. It is rendered in muted tones of brown, grey and black, with juxtaposing shadows and a flattened perspective. It consists mainly of flat, horizontal brush strokes and sharp outlines.
Marc Chagall was a Russian-French painter and printmaker who used dream iconography and emotive expression in his work. His work predated the imagery of Surrealism and used poetic and personal associations rather than traditional artistic representations. He worked in several different mediums throughout his career and studied under a stained-glass maker which led to him to take up its craftsmanship. It portrays a surreal, dream-like setting with folk symbols and elements from the town of Vitebsk, where Chagall grew up.
It has intersecting, geometric panels with blended colors, confusing the perspective and disorienting the viewer. Jean Metzinger was a French artist and writer who wrote the leading theoretical work on Cubism with fellow artist Albert Gleizes.
He worked in the Fauvist and Divisionist styles in the early s, utilizing some of their elements in his cubist works including bold colors and defined outlines. He was also influenced by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who he met when he moved to Paris to pursue a career as an artist. It is a portrait of a woman having tea in a characteristic cubist composition.
Braque conducted an intense study of the effects of light and perspective and the technical means that painters use to represent these effects, seeming to question the most standard of artistic conventions. In his village scenes, for example, Braque frequently reduced an architectural structure to a geometric form approximating a cube, yet rendered its shading to fragment the image so that it looked both flat and three-dimensional. Moving on from the satirical cartoons he was known for, in Gris developed a personal Cubist style and considered the importance of mathematics in painting.
Initially Gris painted in the style of Analytical Cubism but after , he began to lean towards Synthetic Cubism and was using collage extensively. Unlike Picasso and Braque who both favored monochromatic palettes, Gris painted with bright harmonious colors in contrasting combinations, which were inspired by Matisse. Their tubular, conical, and cubed forms are rendered in rough patches of primary colors augmented with green, black and white.
Piet Mondrian In , Piet Mondrian moved to Paris to explore Cubism and his work quickly took on attributes of the movement. Initially his paintings echoed the Analytic style of Cubism, particularly through his use of beiges, grays, and ochres as well as his use of straight lines and arcs.
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